Mbuti Culture Essay

The Mbuti or Bambuti are one of s eeral(prenominal) indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their language belongs to the rudi custodytary Sudanic subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.1 After researching the Mbuti culture, I think we will see that their g overnment, traditions, and culture is tardily and sadly melting into the surrounding, changing world.Mbutis primary mode of subsistence is Foraging. They fly the coop and gather food from the forest, and they trade as well for survival. The Foragers, or hunter-gatherers, in modern-day Zaire perplex survived with a subsistence lifestyle in low societies.Political organization-Bambuti societies have no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The Bambuti are an egalitarian clubho recitation in which the band is the highest form of social organization. Leadership may be displayed for example on hunting treks. Men and women basically have satisfactory power. Issues are discussed and decisions are do by consensus at fire camps men and women engage in the conversations equivalently. If there is a disagreement, infraction, or offense, then the offender may be banished, beaten or scorned. No chief or formal council has imposed rules.Kinship of the Bambuti tend to follow a patrilineal descent system, and their residences after marriage ceremony are patrilocal. However, the system is rather loose. The moreover type of group seen amongst the Bambuti is the nuclear family. Kinship also provides allies for all(prenominal) group of people.One of the Mbutis social problems is interclan disputes, over children and women. Women migrate to villages, losing conclude to one out of five of their female population. An uneven number of women terzetto to the inevitable transfer of women from one family, to another. This leads to great conflict between the men, over the disposition of their female siblings.Divorce is common. The women often initiate divorce only if by packing their things (including small children) and moving back to their familys camp. If they have boys, they return to their father when they are old enough to hunt. The typical marriage is monogamous because women are scarce.Beliefs and Values Prior to independence, tropical forest foragers remained outdoors the mainstream of society and politics. However, post independence wars and nation-building drives have changed customary ways. Landscapes are wearing away due to the cutting of timber, the building of roads and mining. Commerce has also besides isolated the Mbuti peoples. They are in a state of social mingle affecting their beliefs, values, and traditional culture.Everything in the Bambuti life is centered on the forest. They aim the forest to be their great protector and provider and believe that it is a sacred place. They sometimes call the forest mother or father. An significant ritual that impacts the Bambutis life is referred to as molimo.After events such as death of an important person in the tribe, molimo is noisily celebrated to rout out the forest, in the belief that if bad things are happening to its children, it must be asleep. As for many Bambuti rituals, the time it takes to complete a molimo is not stiff set instead, it is determined by the mood of the group.Food is collected from apiece hut to feed the molimo, and in the evening the ritual is accompanied by the men dancing and singing around the fire. Women and children must remain in their huts with the doors closed. These practices were studied thoroughly by British anthropologist Colin Turnbull, known primarily for his deed with the tribe.Molimo is also the name of a trumpet the men play during the ritual. Traditionally, it was made of wood or sometimes bamboo, but Turnbull also reported the use of metal drainpipes. The sound produced by a molimo is considered more important than the satisfying it is made out of. When not in use, the trumpet is stored in the t rees of the forest. During a celebration, the trumpet is retrieved by the youth of the village and carried back to the fire.The Mbuti people are in great cultural transition, being influenced more and more by the surrounding dominate encroaching culture. As the outside word encroaches on these indigenous people, their beliefs, traditions and practices, they are slowly losing their original uniqueness in an ever shrinking world that seems to be losing boundaries. As of recent, they are even inclined to the accumulation of outside currencies for use in their day to day lives.

International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts Essay

Bloodstain ruler analysis is one technique of several in the discipline of forensic intuition. This technique of employ logical argumentstains as evidences is not bargon-ass however, the application of modern science has made transmission linestain analysis much and more reliable (Wikipedia). When current technologies and advances within DNA analysis become lendable to en phalanxment agencies, the apprehension of barbarouss and offenders become less problematic (Wikipedia). The forensic science of ripstain var. analysis applies scientific knowledge from other disciplines in order to assoil a myriad of practical problems.Bloodstain plan analysis can leave on biology, chemistry, math, and physics, among others (Wikipedia). When an analyst follows a strict scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence (Wikipedia). This is an imperative tool when in the hands of rectitude enforcement. An under rest of bloodstain analysis may allow commencemen t ceremony responders to a crime scene the know-how in currently collecting and preserving whatsoever bloodstain data (Wikipedia). Bloodstain analysts receive specialized training.The run agroundation go in bloodstain pattern analysis is the Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course. This is taught at some governance and private institutions. The course criterion was developed by the International friendship of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) with the following stated purpose A course of didactics designed for investigators, crime scene technicians, forensic technicians, and others involved in criminal and medical-legal investigations and crime scene analysis. The course is in ecstasyded to develop a central knowledge of the discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis.The course should illustrate to the student radical principals of bloodstain pattern analysis and the practical application of the discipline to actual casework. The course syllabus is not intended to create an instant expert. There argon three classifications of bloodstains passive, projected, and transfer/ fulfill. These classifications were developed by the IABPA. Passive stains atomic number 18 developed when the acting force creating it is gravity. A passive pattern is then carve up into three sub-categories passive drop, drip pattern, and accrue pattern (IABPA).Passive drops are created by the force of gravity alone, and the drip pattern is created when blood drips into blood. The flow pattern is a change in shape or elbow room due to influence of gravity or movement of the physical object (IABPA). communicate blood patterns are the vector sum of an energy source being transferred through blood. There are several types low velocity invasion splashing (LVIS), medium velocity impact spatter (MVIS), high velocity impact spatter (HVIS), and expiratory blood (IABPA). The three types of velocity impact patterns are cause when an impact at either a low, medium, or high velocit y make contact with the blood source (i.e. medium impact = a battery high impact = a gunshot). An expiratory pattern is short-winded out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a go of air pressure and/or air flow which is the propelling force (IABPA). A transfer/contact stain is the egress of a blood intention object coming in contact with a non-blood bearing object thus causing the transfer of blood. Two types of transfer/contact patterns are the wipe and swipe pattern. A wipe bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its calculateance.A swipe pattern is the transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained progress (IABPA). Blood splatter flight characteristics show that blood tends to form a sphere in flight opposed to the artistic teardrop shape. This is the result in the surface tension that binds the molecules together. This spherical shape is important to the calculation angle of incidence of blood when it hit s a surface. This angle is then used to determine the point of origin (PO) the original area where the blood originated in (Wikipedia).In 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her home. Her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard survived what he called an attack by an intruder. Dr. Sheppard reported that he had been knocked unconscious as he tried to lay out his married woman (Lyle). Their home was ransacked. Investigators would come to realize that Dr. Sheppard had no blood placed on his tree trunk nor clothing, and he denied ever cleaning up in the stemma the police arrived (Lyle). This troubled the police. The attack was so brutal that the killer would fuck off been covered in blood, and Dr.Shepard should put one across had blood transfers located on his body or clothes. Sheppard had no blood located on his hands, which would be unrealizable because he said he checked for a pulse of his wifes neck, which was covered in blood. Furthermore, Sheppard claimed that his take, w allet, ring and keys were missing. This was true. A bag with these items was found no too far from the household however, they had to traces of blood. Moreover, Sheppards pants had no blood on them impossible is the killer robbed him with bloody hands (Lyle). The watch, however, did have traces of blood.Theses blood splatters came from flying droplets, indicating that the watch must have been close when the dupe was received the fatal blows. If the watch made contact with her neck as he checked for a pulse the watch would have blood smears and not droplets (Lyle). Police determined that Dr. Sheppard most likely bludgeoned his wife to death. and so he cleaned himself and trashed the items out expression the house were police would find them and made the house look as if it was a burglary (Lyle). Based in large small-arm on the blood evidence, or lack of it, Sheppard was convicted of murder.After spending ten years in prison, Sheppard was released when the U. S. Supreme judici al system overturned his conviction. A part from the coroners office stated that the blood located on Sheppards watch represented a blood splatter. This means the watch must have present when the blows were struck (Lyle). A renowned criminalist, Dr. capital of Minnesota Kirk testified that the blood on the watch was a result of Sheppard checking his wifes pulse. If so, why was the watch found outside the house? This controversy electrostatic surrounds the case. In 2004, Nick Berg was horrifically murdered by insurgents in Iraq. His throat was cut and he was decapitated.His body was found by an Iraqi overpass. The immortalise was on review on May 11, 2004 for a type of bloodstain analysis. Laura Mansfield, sensible in bloodstain analysis by the Laboratory of Forensic Science and is a member of the IABPA, begins her analysis of the footage (Crime Library). Its reported The date displays 134547 in the lower overcompensate corner, the victim is pushed onto his unexpended side wh ere his legs are bent at the knees and raised toward his chest and his arms quieten tied behind his sanction. At this point, the video becomes out of focus and essentially useless for the purposes of analysis from approximately 90 frames.As the video comes back into focus, the primary assailant is viewed using the knife to cut the throat of the victim, beginning at the area near his left carotid artery. Almost immediately, blood is seen pouring onto the floor (target surface) from the wound caused by the incision (Crime Library). There appears to be an edit point. At this point the primary insurgent is no long-acting holding the knife. The individual wearing the white hood and previously standing on the right side of the primary assailant is now using the knife in a saw-like manner, holding the knife in (his) right hand while holding the victims hair with (his) left hand.At 1347xx, the individual wearing the white hood ultimately detaches the victims head from his body and hold s the head outward in (his) left hand, still holding the knife in (his) right (Crime Library). The frames that follow appear to jump, at which term the victims head is completely uncaring and the primary object in the frame. Through out the video, time changes oftentimes from military time back to regular time and vice versa.Interestingly, the time display on the video changes to 24620 (regular time format) and then switches back to 134845 (military format) while the victims head is shown detached from his body in a correspondent series of frames (Crime Library). Bloodstain pattern analysis is an age-old technique, which with new technologies and advancements aid in the capture and prosecution of criminals. This analysis procedure is used in many different ways and draw upon a myriad of disciplines. In result of a strict process, bloodstain pattern analysis will prove solid, cover evidence and is a useful tool in the hands of law enforcement.References IABPA (International As sociation of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts). Suggested IABPA Terminology List. Date visited 8 April 2006. http//www. iabpa. org/Terminology. pdf Lyle, D. P. , MD. Uncovering the prove Those Messy Bloodstains. Forensics for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 98 Nick Berg Tape. Crime Library. Court Tv. Date visited 8 April 2006. http//www. crimelibrary. com/about/authors/mansfield/ Wikipedia Online. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. Date visited 9 April 2006. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bloodstain_pattern_analysis

After high school Essay

As we wage older, more and more problems begin to form. When we reach our teenage years though, it becomes worse. whiz problem I think the hardest is for young adults is deciding what we expect to do for the rest of our lives when we atomic number 18 so young. You give notice go to college, soldiery or the executeing field dep annuling on your preference. When were in graduate(prenominal) cultivatehouse, we extradite to raise our hand and ask to use the restroom, go to the office to spend a penny to any phone call no matter how important it may be and hand oer ridiculous dress code rules. You ar set like a child from buildergarten all the way up to aged(a) year and yet they expect you to make the more or less important last of your life then. One thing that volume do straight kayoed of elevated school is go directly to the work field. Although its normally in most peoples beaver interest not to, not every(prenominal)one is made for college. Unless you ar extremely lucky, it has been found that people who didnt asseverate to other breeding after high school make 85% less than those with a college diploma. My brother has a roommate in college and his dad dropped out of college after his first year or two and he makes more money than most people will ever see. His married woman doesnt have to work and his kids have it made when it comes to the materialistic things in life. He owns his own real estate company in Pittsburgh and sells and rips houses to people.He does most of his own work so he doesnt have to pay people to do it, which is very convenient for him. Although most people do not get as lucky as him, thats okay for some people because money isnt everything though. Some seasons its better to take time off of school instead of use all that money when you dont make up bash what you are planning on doing for the rest of your life and dismissal straight to college. thither are many reasons why people decide to not go to coll ege, not because they respectable dont think that they can do it. Sometimes people have kids before they plan, family problems or up to now they further cant get swear out to pay for it so it holds them patronise from attending. College is an expensive thing that most people dont want to pay for. You have years of loans to pay back and for a distribute of people they end up miserable at their jobs after a few years. It is withal very hard to get help to pay for you college education. When my cousin seek acquire help for college, because she had a full time job and no kids she could get barely any money even though she wasnt getting any help from her parents.If college exempt isnt the right thing for you but you dont want McDonalds to be your onlydefinite in for a job, the military is a smashing option. Although you have to work your butt off for it, the military gives awesome benefits. Of line of achievement its nothing that the NBA players make, which is ridiculous, bu t it is passive a lot just for being in the military. A player in the NBA averages about $5.15 billion per year and all the do is dribble and shoot a basketball game for a living where people in the military have to work their tails off every single day to fight for our uncouth and they only get about $70 thousand per year. on that point is a lot of schooling that they will pay for you so you can still get an education while being in the military. Not only will you get your schooling paid for, but to a fault you can even get paid for going. Also, they have programs like ROTC where you can still train for the military but you are in an actual college getting your education. As well as getting your education paid for, you also get free medical care, financial security and you can strike off around 20 years before other people do. If you get all of that stuff paid for, is on that point even anything left to get? Food and housing. No worries, in the Army, you find out a regular payroll check and free housing including meals. If you live off of base, you will still receive a housing allowance.Even if the amount of free meals and the checks dont cover all of the food you want, some restaurants and grocery stores offer military discounts, which will also save a lot of money. My dad owns houses and rent them out to people and the first thing he looks at is what kind of job they have to make sure they can keep up with rent. Last summer there was a guy from the Army that tried to rent of my dad and he told him that the calendar monthly paying isnt going to be a big deal because he gets checks from the Army specifically for his housing so it is totally free for him. Although college isnt everyones best option, I believe its more worth it than working incessantly at a job that barely gets you by. Colleges can really help you out when you arent exactly sure what you want to do. Some even make you take a full year of prevalent education classes just so you are s ure that you want to be in that major. Nobody should waste thousands of dollars just to change their mind like 50-70% of college kids end up doing. Also, most colleges have classes that help you transition from high school to college and help get good study habits and things like that.For most kids, what they do for the school like sports, music, theatre and clubs is the most important part of high school. Proceeding to college gives you the opportunity to furtheryour career in things like that where there are plenty of sports, clubs, contrastive bands and also sororities and fraternities. Although that would be going to college for the scathe reasons, a college education in general expands your knowledge base, makes you more make and exposes you to a whole new world of learning. There are also so many different types of colleges though. Depending on your preference, you can go to school for a few months or 12 years. There are lodge colleges, tech schools, four-year schools and also schools that are totally based on what you want to do. At the four-year schools, you have to take a certain amount of general education courses where as a college with a certain amount of month program, all of your classes are dedicated for your major.Every school that you go to has a variety of majors to choose from which also make the college option hard. There are some things that people will never even escort of until they go to college and even then, there are thousands of jobs you can do with most majors that people will probably never even know throughout their entire life. A lot of people dont realize that a really big benefit of going to twain college and the military is the life long friends that you make. Of course youll always have your friends from high school, but college and the military both give you the opportunity to start over and make new friends. As you can see, there are benefits to every option you decide to do when you graduate high school. There are a lso a lot of cons to the option that you decide. It all depends on the soulfulness and what they are like. Its just a very hard finis to make when you are barely old sufficient to stay extracurricular past 11pm. We are very uneducated about the all the different majors in college and the benefits of or other options if we decided to not go to college. We have only lived about a quarter of our life and we are expected to decide what we want to do for three more canton of our life. This decision is the one that is going to affect you for the rest of your life and I just dont think that we are educated enough to make it.

Declining Morality Essay

Teen pregnancy is occurring everywhere. Profanity has greatly increase in the entertainment industry. Dances are becoming more vulgar and are teaching small children bad habits. Out-of-wedlock births now seem to be roughhewn and, therefore, less frowned upon than before. One of the most important challenges to humanity today is obviously our drastic decline in morality. Some may say our morals are even being completely redefined. At this rate, will our propagations children grow up in an even worse environs than our authoritative situation?One of the most influential causes for societys decreasing morality is todays music. Children as young as three years of age are learning such puritanic language from listening to lyrics without parental supervision and repeating them for their friends to hear. Drug and inebriant abuse, premarital sex, and violence are being especially promoted in current rap music. The dances associated with such songs also suggest these ideas. There shou ld already be a limit to what youth are allowed to hear, and with lack of this supervision on with increasing vulgarity, kids are trying to grow up much to a fault fast. This can connect to the increasing teen pregnancy rate.Marriage utilize to be morally required in order to reproduce and abstract children. Out-of-wedlock births are becoming more popular. This can be linked to nonadaptive families and children being raised without both parents present. Therefore, the youth do not ever receive the deserving attention and support needed to lead a successful life. Increasing divorce rates and custody battles also afford to this issue.All in all, todays youth are not thriving as they should be. Yet, this is not only effecting young people further also our society as a whole. Moralitys laying waste has become an austere issue that must be addressed to the public. If failed to be brought to attention soon, the adolescents of today could possibly wreak havoc on subsequent society .

Intergovernmental Organisations Essay

a) Explain how ingredientship of intergovernmental organisations gives some countries political and stinting causation. (10) macrocosm a member of intergovernmental organisations does give some countries political and stinting queen. give care figure 4 shows, the ground forces is lineament of some(prenominal) intergovernmental organisations and they have the placement of a superpower showing there are clear benefits of universe a part of IGOs. However, some may argue that countries such as China and India are rising in both political and economic power yet like figure 4 shows, they are tho part of the leading IGOs. Therefore, membership of intergovernmental organisations does give some countries political and economic benefits but there is evidence to show that not world unconnected of an IGO still allows for development in a countries wealth and political stance.Economically, being a part of the World Trade Organisation like many leading superpowers are (for example, th e UK and the USA) does allow for these leading countries to have influence in trade decisions. This means that they can benefit economic decisions to suit themselves. For example, the USA can exploit LDCs such as Bangladesh by pickings more imports for a less expensive price. Furthermore, being a member of the International Monetary Fund means that countries have the voting power to influence the economic policies of other countries.Thus these countries can create informal policies towards TNCs that are based in their own country, greatly benefiting their own wealth. Additionally, being apart of the EU and NATO in which many of the countries that are part of many IGOs are part of have trade blocs which can cater for the resistance of key markets and still help intraregional trade. Therefore it does seem that economic power of a country does improve with the help of being a part of IGOs such as the World Trade Organisation.

Demand and Supply for Money

DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR capital MACROECONOMICS REPORT DEMAND FOR specie * What is Demand for gold? The demand for silver represents the desire of house retards and phone linees to hold assets in a form that can be easily ex adjustmentd for goods and operate. Spendability, or liquidness, is the key aspect of nones that distinguishes it from other types of assets. For this reason, the demand for cash is some times called the demand for liquidity. * Many factors influence our total demand for capital balances. The tetrad main factors argon 1. the level of prices 2. the level of enkindle rates . the level of real national takings (real GDP) 4. the pace of pecuniary innovation * triple Reasons or Motives for a Large Demand of funds Economists fuck off identify three primary originators for holding money To settle transactions, since money is the speciality of exchange. As a precautionary store of liquidity, in the event of upset(prenominal) need. To reduce the risk iness of a portfolio of assets by including some money in the portfolio, since the value of money is rattling stable compargond with that of stocks, bonds, or real estate. * dealings Motives Money is an essential element in localize to produce a purchasing power. * This is money used for the acquire of goods and run. The transactions demand for money is positively related to real incomes and inflation. As an individualistics income rises or as prices in the shops append, he will have to hold more than cash to reach out out his every twenty-four hour period transactions. The quantity of nominal money demand is thence proportionate to the price level in the delivery. * Thetransactions motivefor demanding money arises from the fact that most transactions involve an exchange of money.Be apparent motion it is necessary to have money available for transactions, money will be demanded. The total shape of transactions made in an economy tends to attach over time as income ris es. Hence, as income or GDP rises, thetransactions demandfor money also rises. * The transactions motive for money demand go aways from the need for liquidity for day-to-day transactions in the near future. This need arises when income is received unless occasionally (say once per month) in discrete amounts but wasting diseases occur continuously. role model Households and firms hold money or demand money in order to conduct regular net incomements of goods and services they purchase from the trade. * The households and firms hold money to pay for daily expenses such as food, clothing, transportation, and rentals. * In other words, people hold money for transactions purposes hence the motive is for transaction. * Precautionary Motive * This is money held to cover unexpecteditems of expenditure. As with the transactions demand for money, it is positively match with real incomes and inflation. People often demand money as aprecautionagainst an uncertain future. Unexpected exp enses, such as medical or car repair bills, often regardimmediate payment. The need to have money available in such situations is referred to as theprecautionary motivefor demanding money * People need to be financially secure in the future, especially in financing or paying for unforeseen events. * warning Money is used for emergency expenses such as hospitalization, accidents, contingency money for unidentified household or business expenses. * Speculative Motives This is money not held for transaction purposes but in place of other financial assets, commonly because they are expected to fall in price. * People want to take in the highest possible income from their different investments. Hence, they hold money to invest into assets or business prospects that have a promising steady flow of returns or income. * It depends on the decisions of households and firms to hold other assets that are liquid and free risks of depreciation in circumstances of money. * People hold money to make profits or negate possible losses when the opportunity in the financial market comes. Example If the wedge invade rate is low, the amount of money held for inquisitive purposes is higher while it is lower if the entertain rate is high since the interest rate is the opportunity cost of holding cash. QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY (QTM) It states that the level of prices in the economy is dependent on the amount or level of money circulating in the economy. * The level of prices in the economy is basically the inflation rate. It is the rate at which prices are increasing. * Inflation refers to the increase in the general level of prices and therefore is the result of too oftentimes money circulating in the economy.What would happen if there is an increase in the supply of or too much money circulating in the economy? * There is a possibility that every actor in the economy has so much money and it is natural for them to purchase goods or even services in the economy. An incre ase in the demand of goods and services without accompanying increase in the available supply will cause the equilibrium price in the economy increase. This premise can be clearly explained if we discuss the quantity theory of money. The Quantity Theory of Money can be expressed by the equation MV=PYWhere M= quantity of money or money supply V= amphetamine of money P= price level Y= aggregate railroad siding * PY can be interpreted as the market value of output of the economy or the national income or the GNP. * PY refers to the total income or expenditure for the economys final goods. Since it is the value of all final goods and services produced in the economy. It is simply regarded as the nations GDP. * From the given equation, fastness of money or V can be expressed as the ration of GNP and money supply. Let us take a look at this equation V=PYM= GNPM For instance, GNP is equal to P300 B while the amount of money supply in the economy is P50 B then the velocity of money is eq ual to 6. V= GNPM= 30050=6 * This elbow room that a peso was used six times that course of study to purchase goods and services. * It also being interpreted as the speed of money per year in the circulation. * The QTM assumes that the velocity of money (V) and aggregate output (Y) are fixed, or at least for simplicity purposes, we assume that these factors do not change (or do not change much) MV=PY As a result of the assumptions we made, changes in prices level (or the inflation level in the economy) is directly proportional to changes in money supply * It means that a lot increase in the money supply will cause an equal percentage increase in the price level or will breaking wind to inflation. THE COMPONENTS OF THE MONETARY STOCK There is a wide range of financial assets in any economy. * Money in the economy is not moderate to be circulating paper, bills and coins and the reserved money in the vaults of cambers. * Money has umteen forms which comprises the monetary stock o r the money supply in the economy.However, the pass is, which part of these is called as or being considered as money? * The following(a) table shows the classification of the monetary stock or the money supply. comment of Money Components M1 Currency + Checking Deposits + travelers Check + other touchable deposits such as NOW and ATS M2 M1 + Savings and Small Denomination Time Deposits + Money Market Mutual property M3 M2 + Large Denomination time Deposits + buyback Agreements L M3 + liquid assets such as securities (i. e. exchequer Bills), Bankers? word senses, Commercial news report M1 comprises claims that are liquid. This refers to claims that can be used directly, instantly, and without restrictions to make payments. It consists of items used as medium of exchange. * M2 includes in addition, claims that are not instantly liquid, those that may require notice to depository institution or affirms. * M3 includes items that are held primarily by large corporations and we althy individuals. * L consists of several liquid assets that are keep mum substitutes for money. MAIN FEATURES OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE MONETARY STOCK Liquid Low interest pay Less Liquid High interest earnings It should be historied that from M1 to L, the monetary stock is becoming liquid. M1 is directly used for transactions and L is less liquid and cannot be directly used for transactions purposes. * However, the trade-off is that if the individual hold more M1 than L, the individual is forgoing potential interest earnings from L. the L is being offered at a higher interest rate as compared to the M1. * In general, if you hold more M1, you are very liquid even so you earn little. On the other hand, if you hold more L, you find it very difficult to conduct day-to-day transactions yet you are earning much.Basic Concepts in Definitions * Currency * It refers to coins and bills (paper money) in circulation. * Checking Deposits * Accounts that grant a depositor the adept to write checks to individuals, firms, or the government. This component is used in order to avoid carrying large amount of money. * This particular component can be considered as money because checks are accepted as for of payments or exchange. * Traveler? s Check * It includes checks issued by non-banks such as American Express 8checks issued by banks are not checking deposits).It is usually used by travelers and tourists, since personal checks are not acceptable in other territories. Therefore, traveler? s check is generally accepted as payment in different territories. moveable Order of Withdrawals * A check is invented by thrift institutions as a way getting around the prohibitions of having checking greenbacks. It is almost same function as travelers check. * Automatic Transfers from Savings Accounts (ATS) * When deposit holders keep money in savings account, the bank automatically transfers from the savings account to the checking account when payment has to be made.This method is usually for bank to bank or institutional transactions. on the whole commercial banks offer this service where savings account can be transferred to other forms of financial assets such as checks or current account (e. g. Land Bank ATS and Metro Bank ATS) * Savings Deposits * Deposits at banks that are not transferable by checks and are often recorded in a separate passbook or ATM (Automated Teller Machine) badger kept by the depositor. * Time Deposits * These are the accounts in a bank which require certain maturity date. * Money Market Mutual bills Interest-earning checkable deposits in financial intermediaries that raise funds by selling shares to individual savers and invest in short-term assets. In addition, these are built-in in all commercial banks such as the BPI Mutual Funds and PNB Mutual Funds * Repurchase Agreements * These are transactions in which bank borrows from a non-bank customer * The bank sells a security today and call off to buy it back at a fixed price to morrow (that is why it is repurchase) * In that way, the bank gets to use the amount borrowed for a day * Liquid Assets These are assets that can be easily converted into cash such as stocks, cash on hand, cash in banks and accounts receivable- * Treasury Bills * Securities that are issued by the government that have certain maturity date. For instance, the Filipino Government treasury bills (such as the Centennial Treasury Bills). * Banker? s Acceptance * These are orders to pay specialized amount at a specific time. This concept usually arises from future date and guaranteed by a bank that stamps it as accepted. * Commercial Paper * It refers to a liquid short term debt instrument issued by private corporations.

How Effective Is Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

solar expertness is beaming zipper that is produced by the solarise. solar vim has been delectationd since four hundred B.C. It started to be commercialized during the eighteenth century. In present times, ability emitted by the Sun is harnessed by p voluptuousovoltaic ( PV ) cells for diverse applications. These include home(prenominal) family utilizations, industrial usage, cardinal business leader Stationss and water supply warming goals. However, receiv suitable to the expert restrictions, families mountain non be undefiledly dependent on solar subject.Comp atomic number 18d to non renewable fuels, solar faculty may stand for a cleansing federal agent alternate solution as it does non breathe harmful waste. In add-on, solar vitality requires comparative degreely low c atomic number 18 appeals. But on the an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) manus, photovoltaic cells may be harmful to animal home understanding due to their broad land intake. In add -on, the presence of PV cells may intercept with natural lighting, r personalfall and drainage. To get the better of such(prenominal) tunes, panels atomic number 18 mount on roof tops of houses and industrial edifices. another(prenominal) concern is in the signifier of health hazards to worlds presented by harmful substances contained within solar panels. Last, in that respect is a possibility of H2O taint if H2O employ for the intent of chilling photovoltaic cells is non treated decently.Even though solar precisely accounts for 1 % of postal code used globally, the hereafter of solar capability applications looks assuring. As the universe is progressively concerned about impacts on rambling surround and as to a greater extent(prenominal) people use solar cogency, economic systems of receive table may cut pop solar capacity cogitate costs. Many on-going surveies are concentrating on ways to increase the readiness of photovoltaic cells every office good as to gain forrard electrical energy from solar energy at lower costs. Such betterments would do solar energy to a greater extent feasible in the hereafter.History/Background of subroutine and TechnologyBackgroundSolar energy is beaming energy that is produced by the Sun. Every twenty-four hours the Sun radiates an tremendous supply of energy. Yet, merely a little part of the energy radiated by the Sun into unnumberable strikes the Earth. near 15 % of the Sun s energy that hits the Earth is reflected back into place. some other 30 % is used to vaporize H2O. Solar energy is to a fault captive by kit and caboodles, the land and the oceans ( The Need Project, 2008 ) . The remainder could be used to nominate our energy demands.History 1 Peoples take possess harnessed solar energy for centuries. as early as the seventh century B.C. the ancient Greek and indwelling Ameri cigarets were the first to utilize solar advocator to their benefit. Peoples used simple magnifying spectacless (prenominal) to concentre the gross shaft from the Sun into beams so hot they would do woods to catch fire. The first solar collector was built in 1776. The solar H2O warmer gained popularity early in 1920s and was in exuberant swing merely earlier cosmos War II. This growing lasted until the mid-1950s when low-cost natural gas pedal became the primary fuel for warming. The populace and universe authoritiess remained largely apathetic to the possibilities of solar energy until the fossil oil deficits of the 1970s ( Solar zero History, 2006 ) . Today, people use solar energy to horniness edifices and gene yard electricity. period solar motive is averageally used today than any other clip in history, the basicss are about the same as they have ever been. The photovoltaic engineering has been updated so that the panels are thin and smaller but the engineering is fundamentally the same.Uses and Technology 2 In past decennaries, solar energy was used widely in different Fiel dss of life. Back in 400 B.C. , Native Americans and ancient Greeks built their houses into the side of hills to take proceeds of the heat storage from the Sun during the twenty-four hours that would so be released during the dark. On the other manus, Romans were the first to utilize glass Windowss to pin down the heat of the Sun in their places. They were focussed about the saving of solar energy that they erected glass houses to make the right conditions to turn workss and seeds.During the eighteenth century, legion discoerers came up with different thoughts of merchandises that facilitate use of solar energy. The first solar aggregator built in 1776 would so execute undertakings like infrigidation and originator exponent. The move engine built in 1861 used 100 % solar energy. In 1880, the first visible radiation change overing photovoltaic cells were do from Se. 10 gray ages subsequently, the first commercial H2O warmer was introduced. In the 1990s, solar power was seen as a great alternate to oil and complete(a) oil merchandises. Therefore, it has been and is being utilised with the aid of engineering in take in asideing power.Presently, solar energy is used around the universe. It has been introduced and used extensively in industrial applications, residential places and cardinal power Stationss.Current Uses and Issues of Solar EnergyThe Earth s atmosphere absorbs about 3.85 ten 1024 Js per twelvemonth, even merely a little allot of this energy can be harnessed by worlds due to technological restrictions. Nowadays, solar energy has galore(postnominal) applications in around the universe and they are traveling to be discussed on with the issues they can do.Applications 3 Residential HomesIn recent old ages, there has been a rapid growing in the figure of installings of photovoltaic ( PV ) panels on to edifices that are connected to the electricity power system. This country of demand has been stimulated in portion by authorities subsidy pro grammes and by green price policies of public-service corporations or electricity service suppliers. In these grid-connected systems, PV System supply electricity to the edifice and any day-time surplus may be exported to the grid. Batteries are non required because the grid supplies any excess demand. In most states implementing the engineering, a insurance called the Feed-In-Tariff ( FIT ) has been implemented in the system. This policy allows con meaningers to influence forth their ain electricity utilizing the PV system and to sell it to the grid. This has the contingent advantage of cut pop their monthly electricity measure.The chief drawback of this application is that the financial think of of electricity volition finally lift as the bring forthing companies will hold to maintain up their income and therefore the con supplyers will stop up gainful more than they were paying before put ining the PV panels. Furthermore, the PV system can non bring forth adequate electri city at a stable rate for an full place to depend on it. Hence, houses can non be solely dependent on solar energy with the current engineering.Industrial ApplicationsSolar energy has been the power supply of pick for many industrial applications, where power is required at distant locations. These applications are economic and without subsidy. Examples of such utilizations are powering microwave repeater Stationss, Television and wireless, telemetry and wireless telephones. Solar energy is likewise often used for transit signalling. For illustration, offshore pilotage buoys, beacons, aircraft sample visible radiations on pylons or constructions, and progressively in route traffic warning signals.The great benefit of solar energy here is that it is extremely strong and requires small care so it is ideal in topographic points that are difficult to acquire to. However the PV panels may non be able to bring forth adequate electricity to carry through the electrical demands of the applications on cloudy or showery yearss. Therefore, these Stationss have to be connected to the grid or be equipped with generators working on oil or some other fuel.Cardinal Power StationsSolar energy can be harnessed utilizing PV panels to bring forth electricity. The largest solar power station can bring forth 354 MW of electricity. However to bring forth this sum of energy, people have to put in big Numberss of solar panel on a big sum of land, about 6.5 km2. This is real dearly-won. Furthermore, solar energy is intermittent and besides the solar panels have to be invariably adjusted so as to maximize the solar energy harnessed.Water warmingSolar hot H2O systems use sunshine to heat H2O. In low geographical latitudes ( below 40A grades ) 60 % to 70 % of domestic help hot H2O with temperatures up to 60A AC can be provided by solar heating system systems. The usage of solar hot H2O warmers is ideal if full Sun exposure is available and the use is traveling to be moderate.The cost to put in a domestic solar hot H2O system may be more than the money saved by non utilizing electricity from the grid for heating the H2O. Furthermore, the Sun is intermittent and therefore a uninterrupted supply of hot H2O can non be provided.Environmental Impact and IssuesTo cover with the issue of planetary heating and other jobs raised by non-renewable beginnings, solar energy represents a clean, alternate power solution towards the universe s energy job. 1 of the chief grounds that make solar energy favorable compared to other is that it is environmental friendly, and the more effectively it is consumed, the more opportunities of it replacing fossil fuels as a chief beginning of energy. Although the after-effect of solar energy is mostly positive, the overall consequence should be to the full studied as attempts to detect its possible to travel frontward ( Vaux, 2010 ) . Some of the impacts and countries of concern are land perturbation, infinite consideration, risky co nstituent disposal and impact to H2O resources.To bring forth a perceivable sum of energy, a big figure of PV cells are required, which can take up a comparatively tremendous sum of infinite. For the intent of bring forthing electricity at a commercial graduated table, the building of solar energy installations requires relatively big countries for solar radiation aggregation ( Vaux, 2010 ) . Such big graduated table installings may throw in with natural sunshine, rainfall, and drainage, which could hold a assortment of effects on works and carnal life. This translates to an extra job where wildlife protection is concerned. Besides that, solar installations besides may interfere with bing land utilizations, such as farming. One matter-of-fact solution for all these jobs could be to take advantage of fresh infinite on the roofs of houses and edifices and in urban and industrial tonss ( Vaux, 2010 ) .Photovoltaic panels may mix risky stuffs. Although risky constituents are good is olated under the solar operating system, there is a potency for environmental taint if improperly disposed of ( Solar energy Development Programmatic EIS Information pump ) . For illustration, liquids such as hydraulic fluids, coolants, and lubricators which normally use in most patience installations may show a spill hazard. otherwise issues are wellness concerns due to the risky stuff used such as arsenic, Si, and Cd. dull Si can be unsafe if inhaled. Cadmium is highly toxic and can a cumulate in a given ecosystem if it is non monitored ( Vaux, 2010 ) .Other than land usage impact and risky disposal, H2O resources could besides be affected excessively, particularly the H2O that is required for the chilling of conventional steam workss used to bring forth electricity. In other words, addition in the demand for solar energy would necessitate a immense sum of H2O which could strive available H2O resources. Furthermore, if the chilling H2O is non befittingly treated, pollution of H2O resources could happen. However, this hazard can be minimized by good operating patterns ( Solar energy Development Programmatic EIS Information Center )Current Future Outlook of Solar EnergySince the Sun is an last energy beginning, the hereafter of solar energy seems assuring as no other beginning of energy may last forever. Solar power non merely promises a simple and non-polluting energy but besides a renewable beginning of energy ( Locsin, 2009 ) . However, the cost of using this solar energy is comparatively high ( Locsin, 2009 ) . While financial value for electricity from photovoltaic cells may non go widely competitory compared to sweeping pecuniary values for electricity from conventional bring forthing engineerings within the following 25 old ages, they may be competitory with high retail electricity monetary values in cheery parts ( EIA a, 2009 ) . In cheery countries, the cost can be every bit low as 23 US cents per kilowatt-hour. EIA s 4 Annual Energy Outlook 20 09 undertakings that, by 2030, nightlong mental object costs for new bring forthing workss utilizing solar photovoltaic cells will be 37 % lower than the 2009 costs ( point of reference to presage 1 ) .The sum of Sun energy that is presently able to be converted to electricity is comparatively low, about 7 % -17 % ( Bellis, 2010 ) . The possible energy that could be extracted from solar radiation is really big. Some experts estimate that the Sun can bring forth 10,000 times every bit much energy as the Earth used at the bend of the twenty-first century ( Ellis, 2010 ) . spotless U.S. installed solar thermic capacity, presently 400 megawatts, is projected to increase to 859 megawatts in 2030 ( EIA a, 2009 ) ( refer to sum up 2 ) . Therefore, to be ideal and remain sustainable in the hereafter, world is suggested to efficaciously reap the energy from the Sun.As state in the article, Make Solar Energy Economical ( 2008 ) , solar energy merely accounts for 1 % of the entire port ion of energy consumed. Yet, the chances for bettering solar skill are assuring. Current criterion cells have a theoretical maximum efficiency of 31 % . But, add-on of new stuff may boost heighten the efficiency up to 34 % ( Think Solar Energy, 2009 ) . Another manner of bettering the efficiency involves a nanotechnology development which proposes that C nano-tubes may spear carrier the efficiency of solar cells ( Think Solar Energy, 2009 ) .The use of solar energy is expected to increase with society s move concerns towards planetary heating and other issues related to planetary environment. In other words, to make a more sustainable universe, a great hope is laid on the solar energy. Research workers are besides working on create engineerings that may let solar energy to be used in H2O electrolysis. The H from the H2O can so be used in fuel cells for transit and other utilizations ( The Optical Society of America, 2008 ) . skill additions, coupled with other technological pro gresss, have been proven to cut down the cost of solar photovoltaic capacity from about US $ ccc per W in 1956 to less than US $ 5 per W in 2009 ( EIA a, 2009 ) . The efficiency of solar photovoltaic applications is expected to better farther as the engineering continues to be developed. As such, U.S. solar photovoltaic bring forthing capacity is projected to increase from 30 megawatts in 2006 to 381 megawatts in 2030 ( EIA a, 2009 ) ( refer to calculate 2 ) . Scientists are encouraged to carry on more seek in developing cheaper and more compatible solar panels with better efficiency that can vie with that of fossil fuels or other beginnings of energy to salary increase solar energy ingestion in the hereafter.Figure 2 -Net Generating readinessFigure 1 -Projected Solar Capital CostBrief Comparisons of different Sources of Energy in the FutureThe current hereafter mentality for solar energy ingestion and demand show that it will non be the lone(prenominal) turning energy beginnin g. In the IEO 5 2009 survey, universe coal ingestion is besides forecasted to increase by 49 % from 2006 to 2030 and from 127.5 quadrillion Btu in 2006 to 190.2 quadrillion Btu in 2030 ( hang to calculate 3 ) . Coal s portion of universe energy ingestion will increase from 27 % in 2006 to 28 % in 2030. The growing rate for coal ingestion is reasonably even over the period, averaging 1.9 per centum per twelvemonth from 2006 to 2015 and 1.6 per centum per twelvemonth from 2015 to 2030. In the electric power sector its portion declines somewhat, from 42 per centum in 2006 to 40 per centum in 2020, and so increases to 42 per centum in 2030 ( EIA B, 2009 ) ( refer to calculate 4 ) .Yet, behind the promising future mentality, over a span of clip and in the visible radiation of turning planetary heating argument, many consumers would choose for an surrogate more environmental friendly beginning of energy. Chiefly because of harmful coal emanations every bit good as the issue of militias h andiness in the hereafter. Advancement in engineering is expected to drive down the use costs of solar energy to the degree where it is able to vie with coal and consumers will belatedly get down devouring more solar energy.Figure 4 Universe Coal Share expendingFigure 3 World Coal ConsumptionWorld liquids ingestion for the intent of electric power beginnings at the same clip is reported to increase in the IEO2009 mention instance from 85 trillion poses per twenty-four hours ( 173 quadrillion Btu ) in 2006 to 107 million barrels per twenty-four hours ( 216 quadrillion Btu ) in 2030, despite universe oil monetary values that remain above US $ 100 per barrel ( in existent 2007 dollars ) from 2013 through the terminal of the projection period ( refer to calculate 5 ) . In the mention instance, the mean universe oil monetary value rises from US $ 61 per barrel in 200911 to US $ one hundred ten per barrel in 2015 and US $ 130 per barrel in 2030 ( US $ 189 per barrel in nominal footi ngs ) . In the low monetary value instance, oil monetary values average US $ 50 per barrel in 2030 ( US $ 73 per barrel in nominal footings ) , compared with US $ 200 per barrel ( US $ 289 per barrel in nominal footings ) in the high monetary value instance ( EIA c, 2009 ) ( refer to calculate 6 ) .Sustained high universe oil monetary values due to proficient trouble, bad and really expensive polish undertakings including those located in ultra-deep H2O and the Arctic, in combination with the draining of fuel militias and the pollution job will in the long term force consumers to exchange to cheaper, unstained, and more eco-friendly energy such as solar.Figure 6 Universe anele Monetary valuesFigure 5 World Liquid ConsumptionLast, in the IEO2009 mention instance, natural gas ingestion in non placement for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) states in peculiar is reported to turn more than twice every bit fast as in OECD states. Worldwide, entire natural gas ingestion will increase by an norm of 1.6 % per twelvemonth from 104 trillion three-dimensional pess in 2006 to 153 trillion three-dimensional pess in 2030 ( EIA d, 2009 ) ( refer to calculate 7 ) . Despite its turning demands and ingestion in the hereafter, keeping the premise of universe oil monetary values that stiff high through the terminal of the projection of 2030, consumers would choose for the relatively less expensive natural gas for their energy demands whenever possible ( EIA d, 2009 ) . Natural gas has besides become an attractive pick for new bring forthing workss for its comparative fuel efficiency and less C dioxide produced compared to char or crude oil.However, in the long tally, the handiness of the recoverable natural gas militias will besides be of concern and costs will non stay as they are but will increase over clip thus driving consumers towards the use of solar energy as an surrogate energy that has greater length of service.Figure 7 World Natural boast Consumpt ionDecisionSolar energy has been used for centuries. It is a cleaner energy beginning with great potency for a universe where assorted steps are being taken to follow greener, more sustainable patterns. Intermittent Sun, high operation costs and ongoing research into economical engineerings limit current solar usage. Research into methods of increasing harnessed energy from the Sun will in bend addition solar energy usage which presently is a infinitesimal part of the universe s entire energy usage. There are environmental concerns but these can be minimised with equal handling.To be more sustainable, mankind are suggested to efficaciously reap energy from the Sun. Although the cost of using this solar energy in comparing with of other non renewable beginnings of energy is still comparatively high, through promotions in engineering and research, it is projected to diminish to a degree where it is able to vie with other beginnings of energy such as coal, fuels and natural gas. The S un, dissimilar any other energy beginning, is an ultimate energy beginning that may last everlastingly assuring a simple and non-polluting energy.

Tale of Two Cities

tommyrot of Two Cities In the opening summon of A record of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, a very multifactorial sentence is verbalize that consists of anaphoric contradictions. Many of these contradictions contain phrases w here one locating of the contradiction has a negative connotation and the other has a dictatorial connotation. In late times, legion(predicate) events contain snatch the contradictions stated in the quote. There be many examples of events that go along with the quote, but primeval examples include the feud between Iraq and the USA, third world countries, and many economical and health problems. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. This opening quote of A tale of Two Cities dirty dog fix to many things in contemporary times. One example that represents this quote clearly is the constant feuds between the US and Iraq. One minute, America is calm and clear of disputes, just continuing on everyday lives, when suddenly, out of the blue , one of the biggest terrorist attacks occurred, and the US is declaring war with another coun look for.Also, piece daily life in America is usu completelyy normal and ordinary, overseas, a war is taking place, and sol bumprs could lose their lives any minute. While muckle in the USA could be having the best of times, the worst of times could be incident to many people elsewhere. Next, another part of the opening quote that relates to modern times is We had everything before us, we had nothing before us. Not only does this relate ti the poverty- stricken people in the world, but more quick the people in third world countries.In the United States, most people always are able to provide themselves with necessities and have everything before them. On the contrary, many unfortunate people in third world countries and have anything before them. Lastly, another quote from the opening statement of the maintain is It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of des tally. This quote can relate to many different things. An example could be a hopeful country retire into a recession or depression. Many economies lead populations from hope to despair.Another match to the quote could be the victims of cancer hoping to be cured but picture despair when informed about the lack of a cure. Many things and events in this world leave people hoping, and then lead them straight to despair. In the end, the quote by Charles Dickens stating contradictions in the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities can relate to contemporary times, even though compose in a much earlier time period. Many of the contradictions stated coincide with many events happening currently or in the past.Tale of Two CitiesDuring a time of lost hope, remainder and war, the golden thread, Lucie Manette plays the archive of a heroine doing everything she can to make sure the strategic people in her life are loved. Lucie provides not only fervency toward her father, Dr. Manette, but in like manner towards the man that yearns for Lucies love Sydney carton. Despite all the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her loved ones, she doesnt cave in to lead her father and cartonful to re save. During a time of lost hope, death and war, the golden thread, Lucie Manette plays the roll of a heroine doing everything she can to make sure the important people in her life are loved.Lucie provides not only warmth toward her father, Dr. Manette, but also towards the man that yearns for Lucies love Sydney carton. Despite all the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her loved ones, she doesnt fail to lead her father and Carton to rebirth. Unlike the carry out of actual birth, rebirth is associated with rejuvenation. renascence is a aid or upstart birth and in the case of A Tale of Two Cities it is deserved. Rebirth is portrayed as nothing close to the literal meaning of birth at all. Charles Dickens makes it obvious that Dr. Manette and Carton both deserve a second chance by showing that they both really are good people.In chapter 19, Dr. Manette earns rebirth by gaining the strength to mentally and literally walk of life away from the negative attitude that is associated with his shoemaking bench and his past times. Carton shows that he deserves rebirth in chapter 13 by proving that he is a good and caring person when he tells Lucie that even though he craves her love, all he wants is for her to be happy. After Dr. Manettes imprisonment in the Bastille for 18 years, the only thing he willingly says is 105 north editorial and is seemingly hypnotized by his shoemaking bench. This is where Dickens lets the reader cognise that Dr.Manettes imprisonment drives him insane. When Dr. Manette is rescued by Defarge and brought to his long lost daughter, rebirth does not check place immediately, as the doctor continues to repeat things to himself. In chapter 5, Lucie is portrayed as a caring character simply by the description effrontery of her, as well as others reactions to her . His eyes rested on a short, slight, pretty figure, a quantity of golden hair and a pair of blue eyes that met his own. From simply the description given of Lucie, she can be recognized as a caring person.Lorrys reaction to Lucie also strengthens Lucies caring glow. As his eyes rested on these things, a sudden natural likeness passed before him of a child whom he had held in his arm As Dickens compares Lucie to a child, her innocence is proclaimed. Although the rebirth of Dr. Manette does not take a leak place immediately, Lucie shows her love for her father from the beginning of his arrival. In chapter six of guard the first while Lucie is greeting her father for the first time in 18 years, she tells him that the agony is over I have come here to take you from it This is where the rebirth starts because this is where Dickens lets the reader know that Lucie is going to do all she can for her father and give him only love. After Dr. Manettes clear to England, its obvious tha t the doctor is slowly precipitateing to sanity in chapter five-spot when Dr. Manette is able to make full conversation at Charles Darnays trial. In chapter seven of platter the third, the narrator updates us on Dr. Manette. No garret, no shoemaking, no One Hundred and Five, North Tower, now He had cultivated the task he had set himself. This is where Dickens lets us know that Dr. Manettes return to sanity has been completed. While Lucie continues to care for her father, another man, Sydney Carton, makes it cognise that he as well needs Lucie to cure him. Just as Lucie did with her father, Lucie will try and do all she can to help her dear friend Carton. In chapter 13 when Carton stops at the Manettes house, he has a conversation with Lucie in which he tells her how he feels about himself. At the peak of this conversation, Lucie says can I not recall you to a better course? stub I in no way repay your confidence? This makes it known that Lucie will be the one to give Carton a second chance. Lucie does in fact use her love and sympathy to lead Carton to rebirth and Dickens later shows the effects Lucie has had on Carton. Carton was so contrasted what he had ever shown himself to be, and it was so sad to think how much he had thrown away This a totally new tone that is shown by Carton, whereas from the start of the book to the introduction of Lucie and his conversation, he was described as a drunk nobody that obviously thought nothing of himself.In chapter four of book the first Darnay comments to Carton I think you have been drinking, Mr. Carton. To this, Carton responds withdraw? You know I have been drinking. I am a frustrate drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me. During chapter 13 where Lucie says to Carton I entreated you to view again and again, most fervently, with all my heart, was capable of better things, Mr. Carton Lucie has rescue Carton by letting him know that she believed in him. Both Dr. Manette and Sydney Carton have been saved by the impact of Lucies unfailing care.Lucie saves her father by simply caring for him and being a friend, and she also saves Sydney Cartons life by believing in him and letting him know that he meant more than he thought. The characters in A Tale of Two Cities obviously play frequent roles in each others lives, and resurrection, or rebirth is one of the main themes in this novel. Dickens uses the power of love to oppose war that is surrounding all of France and England. Resurrection was a very clever theme for Dickens to use because if the characters in A Tale of Two Cities couldnt be recalled back to life, they would simply die off.

Elizabeth Bennet in “Pride and Prejudice” Essay

Individuality refers to the char perfor patchceer or qualities which distinguish one soul from another. Ones singularity constitutes a strong distinctiveness in his/her eccentric person. Thus, when this signified of character is juxtaposed against the concept of individuality, the mutual association results in the inherent emergence of a persons true identity. Although the distinguishing of separate individuals personalities preserves admired in todays society, there existed a succession in which the pursuit of queerness in character and temperament was discouraged. This held especi eithery true for women in Regency England in the 1800s. A woman in this time period, respectively the circumstance of Jane Austens self-conceit and Prejudice, endured numerous pressures and overwhelmingly stiff rules from societal averages in order to obtain proper placement in society.Women of the time most importantly should connect, and marry well, primarily to obtain the substantially vital self-command of an exceptional re dumbfoundation, and in any case to support their family and retain a good name. In addition, women held considerably inferior societal positions to men, having stern complaisant allowances to only partake in balls, dances, and dinners. These contribute to a woman getting a greater extent of connections, which in turn increases their chance of marrying well. However, Jane Austen does in fact present a character that ultimately triumphed over the particular(a) stereotype of women in pursuit of her ingest ideals. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist and heroine of Pride and Prejudice, conveys a powerful instinct of independence, watchs very outspoken of her views, and a modestness for marrying which all contradict the stereotypical woman of the time. Elizabeth is an extremely atypical female person for her time, for she invariably refuses to allow the loss of her individualism and personal identity in a society which encourages women to d o exactly that.Initially, Elizabeths attitude of independence induces her to act on the instinct of her unique ideals her sense of self corporate trust in the end causing a mass of pride and prejudice to formulate around her thoughts and dialogue. No, indeed I do not wish to avoid the walk, for the standoffishness is nothing when one has a motive only three miles (28). Elizabeth acts in devise defiance towards her mother, and even though she expects to create a ban low gear impression, her own concerns (such as the well-being of her sister), prevail as a top priorities in her mugwump bear in mind. She also walks alone,signifying the scarcity of independence exhibited by women of the 1800s, particularly towards situations that could potentially threaten ones reputation, such as Elizabeths walk in the mud. To such perseverance in leaveful self-deception Elizabeth would develop no reply, and immediately and in silence withdrew, set(p), that if he persisted in conside camp her repeated refusals as flattering encouragement, to apply to her father, whose negative might be uttered in such a manner as to be decisive, and whose behavior at least could not be mistaken for the affectation and coquetry of an fine female (91).In the thoroughness of Elizabeths dialogue, the author presents a tone of irritancy, for the protagonists self reliance on her own opinions could not sway Mr. Collins foolish assumptions. by dint of Elizabeth, the author also expresses heartily disdain of the inferiority of female roles of the time period, depicted by the occurrence of Mr. Bennet having to explain Elizabeths feelings instead of her in effect conveying them herself. I am only resolved to act in that manner, that will, in my own opinion, constitute my gaiety, without reference to you, or to any person wholly unconnected with me (294). Essentially, this statement of Elizabeths to Lady Catherine demonstrates her fierce independence. She specifically states that her happiness is the only factor in the governance of her actions. Her self reliance and her own opinions create an independence which allows her to disregard the judgments of others no matter their hearty standing. Elizabeths independent mindset constitutes a very opinionated personality and character, which becomes exposed by means of remarkable dialogue.Subsequently, Elizabeths outspoken nature causes consequently different interactions with people through with(predicate) dialogue, than would traditionally occur with a stereotypical female. I talked about the dance, and you ought to off some sort of remark on the size of the room or the number of couples (76). Normally, a person would not point out the faults in their dance partners readiness. However, Elizabeths outspoken nature allows her to mock an individual of higher mixer consequence for his discomfited behavior. This interaction presents a fine example of Jane Austens humourous humor. Darcy remains silent at the ball in order to remain socially superior in his mind. However, he receives a lecture from a member of lower social standing, a woman no less, concerning courtesy and formal protocol. From the verybeginning from the first moment, I may well-nigh say of my acquaintance with you, your manners, impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others, were such as to form the groundwork of disapprobation on which succeeding events have make so immovable a dislike and I had not cognise you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry (159).With none of the traditional civicness or subservience of her gender, Elizabeths reveals her unrelenting will to speak her mind in a situation of anger and in support of her feelings, which consequently humiliates Darcy. He became a victim to something virtually unheard of for a man of his social stature an outspoken woman. Darcys formal and polite exit reinforces the importance that high society places in constant manners and obedience of formal protocol, portraying his now tentatively preserved sense of superiority. Lady Catherine seemed quite astonished at not receiving a direct answer (139). Elizabeth upon this instance speaks her mind in an incredibly daring manner. It seems that Elizabeth became the first individual ever to address Lady Catherine in that way, an exceptionally insolent stunt considering the old widows possession of so much dignified impertinence. along with her outspoken behavior, Elizabeths marital ideals present themselves as the exact opposite of views anticipate to be held by women at the matrimonial age in Pride and Prejudice.Furthermore, most women of Jane Austens time period viewed wedlock as the ultimate tendency in life, a wondrous aspiration to be attained for comfort, materialism, and social stature Elizabeth exclusively declines to accept these ideals as governance for her own acti ons. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife (1). This initial statement of Jane Austens masterpiece offers a miniature subject field of the entire plot, which concerns itself with the pursuit of single men in possession of a good fortune by various female characters. The preoccupation with socially advantageous marriage in nineteenth-century English society manifests itself here, for in claiming that a single man must be in want of a wife, the narrator reveals that the reverse is also true a single woman, whose socially prescribed options are quite limited, desires a save. However, Elizabeth criticizes theadvantages and consequence of marriage in her society, such as whether or not one holds respect for their lifes partner, negatively portrayed by her parents.Elizabeth fortifies these ideals in her declaration that I am determined that nothing but the very deepest love will induce me into jointure (38). Due to the fact that Elizabeths extreme opinion of marriage comes as a response to Janes similar view, implications arise that Elizabeths point of view does not remain exclusively unique. However, closer examination of Janes character reveals that although love intrigues her aspirations, she would easily and appropriately succumb to societal expectations. Elizabeths outlook sets her far apart from the majority of women at the time, her position expressing that only love constitutes acceptable reason to marry.You could not make me happy, and I am convinced I am the last woman in the world who would make you so (102). Elizabeth adequately proves her profoundly unique views of matrimony by the adamant refusal of two separate but passing suitable marriage proposals. In Elizabeths position, to not marry Mr. Collins would put her in a very precarious situation financially, condemning all her family to certain disaster, and to denounce tradition for the sake of her principles seems fool hardy but also requires a fair amount of mustered courage. In absolute liberation from the female stereotype she rejects the proposal of Mr. Darcy (likely the richest man she is ever to meet) as well uncover a complete disregard for societal norms and her prescribed role as a woman.In conclusion, Elizabeth Bennets character intrigues many, unique individualism plainly setting her far from the stereotype of her gender. Throughout Pride and Prejudice, several references enlighten every fine attribute of Elizabeths remarkable character. Her interactions throughout the novel quite clear depict her as an extremely atypical female when juxtaposed against the norm of her gender, during the distinctive period of Regency England in the year 1813. Through her independence and defiance, all the way outspoken nature, and inimitable ideals concerning matrimony, Elizabeths character undeniably challenges the stipulated roles and formal protocol of the women in her time period. She remains prin cipled and unshaken by the overwhelmingly strict expectations of society. Her every action becomes governed by assurance of her happiness alone, while decisions similarly depend exclusively on her own sense of correct choices.The character of Elizabeth Bennet provides inspiration for many modern women to develop a sense of courage and confidence, demonstrated by her determined will to speak her mind in effort to support certain unique principles of marriage. Elizabeth figuratively compares with Frodo Baggins of headmaster of the Rings, by being dragged into a quest in which a ring is central. In marrying Darcy, she overturns the social hierarchy by taking a husband who remains considerably superior in social class. Using her new enhanced opinions to understand what constitutes a happy (as well as proper) marriage on her independent terms she makes certain of her true happiness, concluding in final contentment that she will now never desire to throw away her ring into Mount Doom.W orks CitedAusten, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ann Arbor Borders Classics, 2006.

Big Corporations, Big Lawsuits Essay

presentmentThe fairnesssuit over the forged design of Firestone tires put on ford Explorers was perhaps the most publicised event when a company was sued for defective produce. This defect also resulted in a large number of accidents causing over 200 deaths and 700 injuries in the US alone, in addition to accidents in Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, the Arab Gulf Coast, and East Asia. The massive tire withdraw by crossbreeding and Firestone on August 9, 2000, sent ripples through the American public and added give the sack to the legal fire, causing both manufacturers and the public to rethink many issues. compact of the LawsuitOn August 9, 2000, cut across Motor Company and Bridgestone/Firestone together with announced a recall in the United States of approximately 6.5 billion ATX, ATXII and Wilderness AT tires made in Decatur, Illinois because of tread separation paradoxs (Eto, 2006). This recall came after the increased incidence of driver deaths in accidents in which fo rd Exlorers rolled over triggered widespread public concern. At the succession, the company was already faced with multimillion lawsuits. For instance, the lawyers for Edelio and Norma Herrera who died in May 2000 overturning in their Ford Explorer on the authority from Disneyland demanded $1 billion from Firestone (BBC).The lawsuits filed, for instance, by the law firm Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, were ground on the claim that Firestone and Ford were guilty because it had failed to address the concerns in the interrogatory process. Thus, on June 15, 1989, the auto makers engineers prepared a communicate to the company management in which they recommended eight design changes to address the rollover problem and improve the safety of the Explorer (Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, 2006). However, the management refused to make the study improvements recommended by engineers, willing to complete the design by the previously announced deadline. involve on the C orporate WorldThe lawsuit triggered a nation-wide discussion nearly the liability of auto manufacturers, business ethics, the need to produce quality products, and the ordinance of the industry. The fact that Fords management had accelerated production at the expense of safety concerns only to face billions of dollars in lawsuits and a major blow to their reputation later on was a lesson to many managers.The way Firestone and Ford were heaping blame on each other was also an burning(prenominal) lesson of how companies should not handle a poop. To demonstrate commitment to improvement, Ford, for instance, ended its race with the tyre-maker (BBC, 2001). The scandal affected one of the largest US auto manufacturers, causing the sufferance of its Chief Executive Officers, Jacques Nasser.Impact on RegulationsThe lawsuits have also alerted the American public and regulators at the National Highway Traffic Safety government activity (NHTSA) that new, tougher laws on safety standards have to be adopted. In 2000, US sexual congress adopted new legislature that aimed to raise safety standards. However, it was clear that much(prenominal) laws should have been adopted long ago when the danger of rollover crashes in SUVs became apparent. The law required tire makers to submit to the regulators far more information around their produce than before.Impact on the CompaniesThe lawsuits that have been partly successful and partially settled out of court cost both companies, especially Firestone a lot. Thus, the tyre manufacturer found itself spending over $1.6 billion in 2001 due to the recall and litigation costs (Online attorney Source, 2004). The company fagged $149 million to settle 30 class-action suits all over the US. In 2001, Ford warned its shareholders that it could face up to $10bn in lawsuits arising from the Ford Explorer deaths (BBC, 2001). The result was inglorious publicity for both companies. Firestone in particular took a long time to recover. As of 2004, it was spending several times more on get publicity than in the year before (Online Lawyer Source, 2004).ConclusionThus, the scandal resulted in massive financial losses for the two companies involved and blows to their somatic images. It also made the public pay closer attention to manufacturers good decision-making. On the government level, safety standards had been strengthened resulting in increased requirements for manufacturers.ReferencesEto, G.C. (2006). Firestone tucker Recall. Retrieved April, 1, 2006, from http//www.garyeto.com/firestone-tire-recall.shtmlBBC. (2001, June 17). Firestone faces $1bn lawsuit. Retrieved April, 1, 2006, from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1393055.stmLieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP. (2006). Ford Explorer Rollover Danger 2006 Update. Retrieved April, 1, 2006, from http//www.vehicle-injuries.com/ford-explorer-lawsuits.htmOnline Lawyer Source. (2004). Firestone Recall Information. Retrieved April, 1, 2006, from http//www.o nlinelawyersource.com/firestone/information.html

Becoming the Woman or Man You Want to Be

In present nightspot, men and women alike atomic number 18 still bound to the stereotypes assigned to their respective sexes. spell the gender situation has definitely improved today as compared to the ago decades, the discrimination between the sexes is still present. The gender impositions are clearly restrictions.The gender-role expectations of society hinder an individual from reaching their full potential, simply because the options provided for growth attend limited. This is the reason why it is liberating for both men and women to bristle more limber beliefs regarding the said expectations.By adapting a bendable attitude with regards to gender roles, an individual rotter go beyond what is judge of them and their gender. In a way, it allows the person to chip indigenceon from what he or she thought she should do and enjoy the exemption by doing what he or she wants to do. However, the gender problem can moreover be resolved if the change begins in the individual . The person must develop the flexible perspective himself or herself to be able to break free from ones gender restrictions.As a cleaning woman, it is important for me to adapt the flexible view of gender expectations myself. Compared to men, women are more burdened by these expectations, as females are regarded as the weaker and more inferior sex. Therefore, I must reckon to develop a more lenient viewpoint regarding gender roles because I am more affected by it. In the past, women were only expected to stay at home and devote themselves to their husbands and children. As a woman in modern society, I strive to go beyond that stereotype.There are so many options for women like me today, may it be in impairment of family or profession. By developing a more flexible view on gender role expectations, I can liberate myself from the homemaker stereotype and pursue a life of unlimited opportunities. If I want freedom, the change has to start from me. This is because if I believe that those expectations are the only ones I can pursue, I will remain restricted by my gender. Hence, it is rattling important for me as a woman to develop flexible views near gender role expectations.

Alan Mulally, Ceo, Ford Motor Company

Describe what is motivating Jim Goodnight. Discuss how these factors are akin(predicate) or different to what may motivate you if you departed at SAS. What motivates Jim goodnight is that he has assembled a company with loyal employees that enjoy workings in the organization. Jim believes that if you treat employees as if they make a inconsistency to the company, they will make a difference to the company. (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011) As stated in the case just having the ability to work in relax and stress free environment makes the occupation more than productive which is a great factor in any job you work at.Jim offers great benefits to work at SAS. SAS has an on cite day care center for kids is a great factor. Having the ability to shake up unlimited nauseated days to take off for family. Those are the most important factors when working because you never want to feel like you put your job in jeopardy for taking off a lot for sick days. Hellriegel, D. & Slocum, junior J. (2011). Organizational behavior. Mason, OH Cengage Learning publishing Describe ethical problems associated with performance-based reward programs. estimable problems associated with based performance reward programs are for example with DIRECTV as a CSR are incentives are base upon our yearly performance which our supervisor enamours a percentage of that. I feel that supervisors shouldnt be able to get a certain percentage of the employees earnings. This has been implemented from the job as a offer or incentive to supervisor as a benefit for the job. In your experience, explain any abuses you have seen.An experience I have seen at a previous job where I have worked, an employee has proficient another employee for a supervisor position and once railed the employee made less money than the other employee that was trained. I find that to be ethical. Recommend how leaders can correct such abuses. Leaders expect to design a better management that can be the oer sea to correct the lo op holes in the issues that are occurring. Employees shouldnt train management. There should be a team of management trainers that train the managers for their jobs.

West Side Story Spin on Romeo and Juliet

Fiction, whether it is a cinema, coquette or a story depicts an pastiche of human emotions. Although humans experience a variety of emotions, the close to powerful among them is the feeling of recognize. Love has varied forms, it can be the tenderly relish of a mother, the affectionate sack out of a friend or the rabid transmit by of a young person for his/her lover. Numerous stories and moves have been write depicting this passionate love. This form of love is a favorite subject of filmmakers lovers be portrayed in the movies time after time. The audiences ar attracted to the romanticistic portrayal of love in these movies.One such description of love is Romeo and Juliet, a prank written by William Shakespeare. The central characters in the hightail it are the young lovers, Romeo and Juliet who have become the quintessence of young lovers on the whole over the world. This tragical love story has been the subject of many movies. The most famous movie which is a v ersion of the romantic tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is the western place Story, directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. Although the while of the movie west Side Story is based on the play Romeo and Juliet, in that location are differences as far as the styling and the end of the movie is concerned. portrayal of Romeo and Juliet The play Romeo and Juliet, a romantic tragedy by Shakespeare, depicts the story of deuce lovers who meet a tragic end in the course of their love story. The play is set in the city of Verona, where families of Capulet and Montague are frequently engagement against each other. Amidst this animosity, Romeo, the son of Montague and Juliet, the daughter of Capulet fall in love the very(prenominal) moment they see each other in a party. scarcely extremity leads them to their tragic end, as both the lovers kill themselves. West Side Story by Robert Wise, is an adaptation of the classic love story, Romeo and Juliet. The story has been modify according to the needs of forward-looking times. The feuding families are replaced by the American cabal, the Jets and the family from Puerto Rica, the Sharks. The Jets hate the Sharks, for they think that the Sharks have invaded their territory. The young lovers in the movie are Tony, a fellow member of the Jets gang and female horse who is the sister of Bernardo, the leader of Sharks gang. Tony and mare fall for each other when they meet at a jump party.They love each other passionately, forgetting the feud between their respective gangs. In a fight between Riff and Bernardo, Riff is killed by Bernardo. fierce at the death of his best friend, Tony kills Bernardo. When Tony explains the situation to Maria, she forgives Tony for kill her brother as she is deeply in love with him. But Tony is killed by Chino, a member of Sharks gang when Tony comes out in the streets, upon hearing the wrong message of Marias death. Maria is shattered by the death of Tony as delegate snatches away her love from her.The classic tale of love of Romeo and Juliet is portrayed in the movie in a different setting and manner. Styling The expression adopt by Robert Wise in the movie differs from the play Romeo and Juliet. The romantic tale of Romeo and Juliet is depict in the movie in an urban setting and in different circumstances. The ultra sophisticated society in the movie is in pipeline with the present times. The movie with its story of romantic love, excellent music and spirited dance catches the attention of the audiences. The movie succeeds in capturing the fervor of the youth by means of the lively dancing.The tender love which blooms amidst the hatred and rivalry of the gangs touches the heart. The passion depicted in the movie is similar to the passion of Romeo and Juliet save the expression of their love and the surroundings in which Tony and Maria meet are different. The modern style presented in the movie brings forth the old story of Romeo and Juliet in a new and attractive form. The songs and dances in the movie make the story more vibrant and vivacious. The movie is altered to suit the tastes of people in the modern times who view movie as a source of amusement and leisure.The environment and the characters in the movie reflect the society in which the audiences are leading their lives. The setting of the play Romeo and Juliet is far different from the environment of the modern society. Changes There are numerous changes in the movie when compared to the plot of the play Romeo and Juliet. The rivalry between the families of Romeo and Juliet is depicted through the animosity of the Jets gang and Sharks gang. The plot is also changed according to the needs of a movie.In the play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo and Juliet tie secretly that in the movie Tony and Maria never get married. Fate plays an important role in the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet. It is this fate that leads to the death of Romeo and Juliet. But in the movie, the death of Tony is caused, owing to the rivalry of the Jets gang and the Sharks gang. It is not a cosmic misapprehension but angry gunfire that kills Tony, and Maria doesnt die at all she snatches the gun and threatens to shoot herself, but drops it perhaps because suicide would have been too heavy a agitate for the movie to carry. (Ebert). The ending of the movie is also different from the ending of the play Romeo and Juliet. Ending The play Romeo and Juliet ends with the suicide of Romeo and Juliet. To save Juliet from marrying another man, Lawrence devises a image according to which Juliet will drink a potion that will make her issue as if she is dead. Juliet drinks the potion on the night before her wedding and her family mourns her death, as the emergence of the potion makes them to believe that Juliet is dead. But Romeo, oblivious of the plan, is shocked when he hears about Juliets death.Heart-broken and dejected, he ends his life at the tomb of Juliet, by consuming poison. Upon awaking Juliet finds Romeo dead, she also kills herself with the Romeos dagger. In the movie, Tony is killed by a member of the Sharks gang. Although Maria is devastated by Tonys death, she is not shown as committing suicide. The death of Romeo and Juliet is caused by a misunderstanding this element makes the story of Romeo and Juliet more tragic. Tony dies in the movie, owing to the gang rivalry.In spite of being shattered by the death of her lover, Maria holds herself from killing herself. Conclusion The movie West Side Story is adapted from the play Romeo and Juliet. The style and setting in the movie has been changed according to the needs of the modern society. The plot of the play Romeo and Juliet is more tragic compared to the story of the movie West Side Story. Romeo and Juliet end their lives in the play whereas Tony is killed by a member of Sharks gang. Maria is grief-stricken by Tonys death but she stops herself from taking her own life.

Client-Server Networking Essay Essay

The problem in the given scenario for the user is that the in the raw driver installed to be matched with the graphics adapter was non downloaded powerful or was incomplete. This is what causes the secondary malfunctions with the screen. When he was seeing the wavy lines it meant that the driver requisite to be updated to use the new graphics adapter. He hence look into the device manager and saw that it could be updated. He did so and restarted the computing device afterwards. As it started he began hearing the noises because the driver was not downloaded correctly. And he then lost the display and could not diagnose the issue properly. In orderliness to resolve this issue you must first restart the computer.As it comes pricker up from restarting you would put it in safe temper. It should give you the option to do this like it does to start windows normally. Now that you are in safe mode you are able to use a generic graphics driver that it has within it. But you must fi rst uninstall the new driver that was presentation the issues and re-install the driver you have before. From here you just wait for the next compatible driver for that graphic adapter to come out for use. Do not attempt to download the new driver again. From there your issue is temporarily resolved.

Crime and Punishment: Suspense

Suspense begins in Roskolnikovs thoughts There are times where we find ourselves living in question, feeling insecure nigh what possibly can occur next. So many an(prenominal) things that surround us, at times, foreshadow what may happen next. When this happens, we crave to know what is the next gist that will arrive. In the book of Crime and Punishment, there are many parts in which the story becomes skepticismful. Well, how does Dostoyevsky achieve and sustain the suspense in his novel?It all starts decently when we find erupt that Roskolnikov creates feelings of hatred towards Alyona Ivanovna, and creates most sort of plan to kill her. Even though in his thoughts put the plan, he wasnt completely convinced by his own being in actually completing with a crime. But once he was at the bar, where he overheard a conversation or so Ivanovna and how she were better off dead, he decided that it was best that he were to do their request. This is before the suspense comes into pl ay.Overhearing the conversations about Alyona Ivanovna persuaded Rokolnikov that it was his destiny to murder her. The more(prenominal) he thought about it, the more he liked the idea. This is where we can see a bit of suspense growing, because as a reader, what can we expect from a man who has never committed a crime such as killing? eyepatch Roskolnikov was a bit insecure about his decision in doing murder, he planned to use an ax to murder Alyona Ivanovna. He got his ax, and went his way to her door, wait the moment where he can take action.Its possible to imagine that in this moment, Roskolnikov probably tensed up in his body, possibly shook out of being nervous, and sweated heavily because he was going to do something he has never done before. The thoughts that lurked in his head of killing another person seemed right to him, because supposedly it was his destiny, but somewhere deep inside of him, he knew the act of murder brought consequences. This is where suspense begins to grow. Roskolnikov appears at her door, waiting for her to be in his presence.She opens the door to find him at her doorstep, and allows him to come in. Roskolnikov offered her something to distract her from seeing him subscribe to out his ax, and he was successful. The suspense by now has grown to a whole another level, where we read to find out if Roskolnikov is really able-bodied of killing another person, or not. This part of the book ends with letting us know that he was libertine, and when the chance was presented to him, he got out his ax, and lacerated her until she lie on the floor, dead.Dostoyevsky, the author of Crime and Punishment, was successful in bringing in suspense to this part of the story. He was able to grasp for the readers attention, in lacking(p) to know more of what Roskolnikov was capable of doing, what would have been his next move, and leaving them in shock when they come to find out what he ends up doing. This had to be one of the times in the book of Crime and Punishment where suspense was presented. Works Cited Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment

The Effect Of External Factors On Purchase

The results contend that demographic, geographic and group squ atomic number 18ly centre Pl. The findings of this study help marketing, man yearsrs and companies to look recent Malayan consumers behavior and Pl. Keywords away factors, leveraging objective (Pl), untested generation, Malaysia 1. Introduction Nowadays, procure intention is more than complicated and more signifi idlert for consumers than in the past. Customers ar encompassed by reports, advertisements, articles and direct mailings that provide large amount of m peerlessy of information.Moreover, distinguishable kinds of outputs, supplies, super markets and shopping malls impart complex and difficult finding making. This study focuses on the young generation in Malaysia be pee-pee of near reasons. Firstly, childlike node segment is known as special segment for whatsoever special products. Secondly, at the period of evolution from youth to early maturity, these customer segments take a shit their unique consumer behaviors and attitudes (Safari, AAA). Thirdly, juveniles effect on their families and shape family consumer behavior finally, young consumers can change and regulate culture as well as society (Safari, AAA).In addition, according to the preliminary studies, investigators argued that the external actors (demographic, geographic and group) ascertain Pl. Besides, in that respect argon some difficulties in applying these factors and measuring their effects on Pl. The effect of demographic on Pl is complicated and confusing that needs to be examined. For instance, consumers 18 to 24-year- ancient argon more likely than other consumers to acquire a product on the spur of the moment and change brands if the mood strikes (Abdul Raze & Summarizing, 2009). isolated from that, there argon still some studies that indicate the males and females be get down and light upon Pl in various Ways. Teenage boys were more utilitarian, whereas manage girls are more social/conspic uous conscious (Cathy & Vincent, 2006). Furthermore, different races consume different behaviors, which can significantly affect Pl for example, the Malady are more patriotic to the local brands compared to two other Malaysian races. Likewise, group influence significantly affects Pl. stem (social networks, television, authoritative, books) influences on young generation in Malaysia and changes their culture, behavior and acquire intention because they expect adapted with other cultures (Eon, Ata & Philip, 2008). 2.Literature Review Purchase intention essence a consumer prefers to deal a product or service cause he/she finds that he/she needs a particular product or service, or even attitude towards a product and perception of product. In other words, bargain for intention means consumer will buy a product once again after she or he evaluates a product and finds out that the product worth buying. While consumers select one particular product, the final decision on accepting 153 WV,m. Essence. Org/birr outside(a) Business Research Volvo. 5, No. 8 2012 a product to buy or rejecting it depends on consumers intention.Also, a large number of external factors have been recognized, which can affect Pl (Keller, 2001). 2. The Effect of Demography on Pl One of the roughly important features which influence Pl is demographic (age, gender and race). Young consumers in different ages have different behavior. A nineteen years old consumer may behave differently with a twenty five years old consumer. For example, some young consumers are more concerned on the label products than other young consumers (Nabob & Mimed, 2010). The effect of gender depends on some factors.For example, females are more concerned about those kinds of products that are directly related to augury because as housewives, the quality of the products is more important or them compared to men. Thereby, label, brands and quality have effects on consumers PI (Seasonal, All & Seabird, 2006 Safa ri, Bibb). The other factors that shape Pl among males and females are information and education. For example, a study shows that females are less experienced with online purchase therefore, they rely on other recommendations than males during decision making process (Ciao & Yang, 2010).Atmosphere and surround also influence on consumers Pl among males and females. An investigation shows that music in restaurants has more effect on females than males. Stephanie Wilson, 2003). In addition, studies showed that men are more take a chance taking than women and they are more reliance on themselves to make purchase decision than women (Seed, 2003). Different ethnic groups act differently to make purchase decision. For example, studies in the United States have shown that African-Americans in some cases have different purchase intentions than the whites (Americans).Some factors can have effects on different races such(prenominal) as media, advertisements, and televisions. The other exam ple shows that 16% of married white women are more likely to do mom purchase than married blackened women in the United States but some other factors (socio-economic, environment, culture, income) could be combine with race to achieve better outcomes (Ciao & Yang, 2010). 2. 2 The Effect of Geography on Pl The other external factor that influences consumers Pl is geography. Locations that products are being produced and manufactured are very important for consumers and can shape their Pl.A place to shop for radical products is crucially integral for consumers. For instance, a research demonstrates that majority of consumers prefer to buy their organic food ND products from hypermarkets and shopping malls and only a some of them enjoy of buying products in farms (Sit & Inertia, 2010). 2. 3 The Effect of Group on Pl Group also affects consumers and their Pl. Previous experiences of celebrities have utilized different assumptions and elemental theoretical grounds Of psychology to d escribe how a tell onship as an influential effect consumers Pl and their behavior (Speed & Thompson, 2000).Sport celebrities as a group of influential figures have significant influences on young consumers especially when they want to make decision to choose a brand and Pl. Star members in each team up have significant effects on consumer behavior. Thus, they would make brand for the teams sponsor because team members are able to attract enormous amount of consumers for a brand (Arcadias & Fairyland, 2006). 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Measures Data has been in general equanimous based on primary research and secondary research was use as well. Previous literatures were studied to recognize the factors influencing consumer Pl.Learning and understanding key points from previous literatures were combined with this current research study to obtain better results. consume strategy is based on probability based. The population is in age group of 17-32 years old as millennial/young generation. Questionnaire has distributed to some Malaysian universities. According to the aim of this research, the race of population has to be Malaysian only and questions Were written in English language. The sample Was selected from universities (senior and junior students). SPAS soft. argon was used to measure/ analyze the data. 3. 2 Hypothesis Demographic factors positively effects on purchase intention, for example, there is a difference in the midst of young consumers and adult generation in the ease of purchase intention. In some cases, male and female consumers act differently to make purchase decision and also different races have different influences on purchase intention 154 WV. Essence. Org/birr Volvo. 5, NO. 8 2012 (Hide, Gerard & Alex, 2008). Thereby, age, gender and race are strongly affecting Pl, which has been proven by previous studies.HI (a) Age influence PI (b) Gender influence Pl (c) Race influence Pl Malaysia is divided into two different parts west and ea st. Sit (2010) noted that different areas and locations have different effects on consumers behavior and purchase intention. Consumers in cities and villages (rural and urban) have different behavior and purchase intention (Wong & Yah, 2008). Therefore, rural and urban influence Pl differently. H2O Geographic influence on Pl. Friend, relative, colleague/classmates and Media impact on purchase intention. HA Group affects Pl. . 3 Data Collection The questionnaire in this study has been distributed to 350 respondents. 325 respondents have returned the completed questionnaire, which made up 93% of boilersuit responses. We have given the questionnaire to students usually in their classes and we had left them and given them becoming time to answer the questions. After 30 to 45 minutes we went tail end to classes and ask students to return questionnaires. The SPAS software has been used to analyze the effects of external factors (demographic, geographic and group influence) on Pl.Consume rs between 17-32 years old were selected as young generation. The research was carried out at different regions in Malaysia such as International Islamic University Malaysia (MM), University Sebastian Malaysia (LIKE), University Putty Malaysia (JIM), Multimedia University (MIX) and Nation Library. The questions mainly examined the effects of rends, relatives, classmates/colleagues and media on consumers Pl. All scales measured on 7-point Liker-type scales ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The demographic factor is divided into three split up categories.These three groups involved age, gender and race, which will be explained in the hobby subsections. As demonstrated in Table 1, most respondents involved are in the age group of 22-26 years old. Analysis shows that 30. 2% of the respondents function to 17-21 age group, 40. 9% belong to 22-26 age group and only 28. 9% are in the age range of 27-32 years old. The majority of the respondents are females 221 respondent s are female (68%) and 1 04 are males, which contributes to 32% of the total respondents participated in this study.